Electric Vehicles for Military, Police & Security 2012-2022
Electric Vehicles for Military, Police & Security
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This brand new IDTechEx report concerns electric vehicles for military, security and police duty. Even excluding regular cars minimally modified for such use and the huge development contracts, the IDTechEx projections show a strongly rising market that becomes around 15% of the total electric vehicle market in 2022, primarily due to the high prices attracted by the specialist construction involved. Although the bulk of this demand will be for military vehicles on land, the water and air borne applications will each become businesses of well over one billion dollars yearly within the decade. The report emphasizes the need to benchmark best practice between each of these modes and gives a large number of examples.
Interestingly, unmanned operation is very important, particularly for water craft and aircraft. Both hybrid electric and pure electric drive trains will be deployed in large numbers.
This unique report makes sense of the bewildering variety of electric vehicles used and about to be used for military, security and police purposes, whether hybrid or pure electric. Huge numbers of micro and nanobots will be deployed for surveillance and other military tasks making countermeasures almost impossible. Many of these will fly. Autonomous Underwater Vehicles AUVs and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles UAVs are an even more important part of this story and all are driving a rapid change in technology of parts and powertrains as is explained in many summary tables and text in the report. For instance, multi-mode energy harvesting is being increasingly deployed.
Although most of the development, manufacture and purchase of these vehicles is in the USA, unique advances in Singapore, Korea, the UK, Germany, Switzerland, Canada and New Zealand are explained including those for dual purpose civil and military applications, often where the civil application first pushes the boundaries of what is possible. The market numbers, unit prices and total value are forecasted for 2012-2022 and major relevant events in the next ten years are scoped. In a balanced view, the problems and impediments are analysed as well as the heroic objectives.
Publisher >> IDTechEx
Report Category: Utilities
1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
1.1. Market forecasts 2011-2021
1.2. The whole picture
1.3. What is included and excluded
1.4. Main market drivers 2011-2021
1.5. Timelines 2011-2021
1.6. Key enabling technologies for military electric vehicles to 2021
1.6.1. Range extenders – custom ICE, mini turbine, fuel cell
1.6.2. Advanced lithium-ion batteries
1.6.3. Other advanced energy storage
1.6.4. Next generation electrical and electronic components
1.6.5. Printed electronics and electrics
1.6.6. Structural advances and smart skin
2. INTRODUCTION
2.1. Definitions and scope of this report
2.2. The EV value chain
2.3. Commonality – land, sea air EVs
2.4. Benefits for the military
2.5. 75% fuel reduction is targeted
2.6. Pure electric vehicles
2.7. Hybrid electric vehicles
3. LAND-BASED MILITARY VEHICLES
3.1. Pure electric military vehicles
3.1.1. Balqon Corporation USA
3.1.2. Columbia ParCar USA
3.1.3. General Motors USA
3.1.4. GEM USA
3.1.5. Polaris Industries USA
3.1.6. T3 Motion USA
3.1.7. ZAP USA, China
3.1.8. German Army and Germany
3.1.9. China
3.2. Electric robot vehicles Japan, USA
3.2.1. Spider-bot
3.2.2. Tetwalkers
3.2.3. Rescue and bomb disposal robots
3.2.4. Walking robot
3.2.5. Robotic primitives
3.2.6. EV insects
3.2.7. Robots on Mars
3.2.8. Robonauts in space
3.3. Hybrid military and allied vehicles
3.3.1. BAE Systems UK
3.3.2. General Dynamics Land Systems USA
3.3.3. General Motors USA
3.3.4. Millenworks USA
3.3.5. Navistar USA, Ricardo UK
3.3.6. Oshkosh Truck USA
3.3.7. Quantum Technologies USA
3.3.8. Razer Industries USA
3.3.9. ST Kinetics Singapore
3.3.10. TARDEC APD
3.3.11. UQM Technologies & Armor Holdings USA
3.3.12. The US Army Tank automotive and Armaments Command
3.3.13. US Army National Automotive Center, California Motors
3.4. Police & security EVs
3.5. Manufacturers of military, security, police land EVs
3.6. Market forecasts 2011-2021
4. MARINE MILITARY ELECTRIC VEHICLES
4.1. Benefits of marine electric vehicles
4.2. Pure electric marine vehicles
4.3. Hybrid marine vehicles
4.3.1. Hybrid Technologies USA
4.3.2. Lockheed Martin USA
4.3.3. Hybrid and pure electric tugboats Canada, USA
4.3.4. Marion HSPD: Fast surface boat as submarine
4.4. Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs)
4.5. Large AUVs
4.6. Small AUVs
4.7. Biomimetic AUVs
4.8. Swimmers vs gliders
4.9. Wave and sun powered sea gliders
4.9.1. Autonomous Undersea Systems Institute
4.9.2. Falmouth Scientific Inc USA
4.9.3. Kongsberg Norway
4.9.4. Liquid Robotics USA
4.9.5. University of Washington USA
4.10. Swimmers
4.10.1. a.r.s Technologies GmbH Germany
4.10.2. DRDO India
4.10.3. Florida Atlantic University USA
4.10.4. JAMSTEC Japan
4.10.5. Kongsberg including Hydroid Norway, USA
4.10.6. Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute USA
4.10.7. Ministry of Defence UK
4.10.8. Teledyne Gavia Iceland
4.10.9. UK Universities
4.10.10. Virginia Institute of Marine Science USA
4.11. Biomimetic unmanned underwater craft
4.11.1. Robot jellyfish USA
4.11.2. Robot jellyfish Germany
4.11.3. Jellyfish and fish Japan
4.12. Marine market segments and drivers
4.12.1. Total market
4.12.2. Underwater
4.12.3. On the water
4.12.4. Effect of land EV manufacturers entering marine
4.12.5. Market drivers
4.13. Manufacturers by country and product
4.14. Global marine EV forecasts 2011-2021
4.15. Military, security and police marine EV market 2011-2021
5. MILITARY ELECTRIC AIRCRAFT
5.1. Definition
5.2. Market drivers
5.3. Electric Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs)
5.3.1. Small electrical UAVs
5.3.2. UAV batteries
5.3.3. AeroVironment Raven family
5.3.4. SPI USA
5.3.5. University of Michigan Flying Fish USA
5.3.6. Rotomotion USA
5.4. Micro nano air vehicles
5.4.1. AeroVironment Mercury hummingbird USA
5.4.2. DARPA insects USA
5.4.3. University of Michigan robot bat USA
5.4.4. Vanderbilt University insect USA
5.4.5. Lockheed Martin seed cameras USA
5.5. Large electrical UAVs
5.5.1. AeroVironment Helios USA
5.5.2. Aurora Flight Sciences USA
5.5.3. Boeing USA, QinetiQ UK
5.5.4. South Korea Military
5.6. Airships
5.7. Manned electric aircraft
5.7.1. Solar Impulse
5.7.2. Electric nose wheel for taxiing large aircraft
5.8. Listing of electric aircraft manufacturers
5.9. Electric aircraft market size and trends
6. TECHNOLOGY
6.1.1. Traction batteries today
6.1.2. Trends in energy storage vs battery pack voltage
6.1.3. Move to high voltage
6.1.4. Many suppliers
6.1.5. Pouch problems?
6.1.6. The lure of lithium polymer versions of lithium-ion
6.1.7. Genuinely solid state traction batteries
6.1.8. New chemistries for lithium-ion batteries
6.1.9. Impediments
6.1.10. ABSL
6.1.11. SAFT
6.2. Range extenders
6.3. Fuel cells
6.4. Electric motors
6.5. Motor position
6.5.1. Powertrain trends
6.6. Born electric – In-Wheel Electric Motors
6.7. Born electric
6.8. New structural advances and smart skin
6.9. Charging infrastructure for marine EVs
6.9.1. General needs and solutions
6.10. Case study: Arctic under ice survey
6.11. MBARI research AUV deployment
6.12. Traction Batteries
APPENDIX 1: IDTECHEX PUBLICATIONS AND CONSULTANCY
TABLES
1.1. Total market for electric military, security and police vehicles for land, water and air 2011-2021
1.2. Three types of military, police and security electric vehicles by land, water and air
1.3. Main market drivers for the Military EV business 2011-2021
1.4. Global sales of land based electric military vehicles in number thousands, ex factory unit price in thousands of dollars and total value in billions of dollars 2012-2022, rounded.
1.5. IDTechEx forecast for military, security and police marine electric vehicles 2011-2021, number K, unit value $K, market value $ billion rounded
1.6. Numbers of electric aerial vehicles sold 2011-2021 with drivers
1.7. Forecast for electric aircraft for military, security and police use 2011-2021, including airships rounded
2.1. Some reasons why ICE vehicles are replaced with EVs in the military, police and security sectors.
3.1. 27 suppliers of military, security and police EVs for use on land
3.2. Global sales of electric military, security and police land vehicles in number thousands, ex factory unit price in thousands of dollars and total value in billions of dollars 2012 to 2022, rounded
3.3. Military electric vehicle sales by region 2005, 2010, 2015 and 2020 in percentage units
4.1. 85 examples of manufacturers of electric water craft, country and type
4.2. Leading manufacturers of remotely operated and autonomous underwater vehicles
4.3. Global sales of electric marine craft in number thousands, ex factory unit price in thousands of dollars and total value in billions of dollars 2012-2022, rounded
4.4. Estimate of number of manufacturers of electric marine craft by category, % pure electric, number made, unit price ex factory and market value in 2011 and 2021
4.5. Forecasts by year of ex factory market value of electric marine craft by six marine sectors 2011-2021. The sectors other than the military, security, police sector exclude these uses to avoid double counting
4.6. Marine vs all EVs by number thousands, $ unit price ex factory and $ billion total market value in 2011
4.7. IDTechEx forecast for military, security and police marine electric vehicles 2011-2021, number K, unit value $K, market value $ billion rounded
5.1. Data for RQ-11A version of AeroVironment Raven
5.2. 10 examples of manufacturers of electric aircraft by country and product
5.3. Probable timelines for electric aircraft, pure electric and hybrid combined, 2011-2021
5.4. Prices of pure electric manned, single person aircraft in thousands of dollars
5.5. Project costs of electric aircraft in millions of dollars
5.6. Numbers of electric aerial vehicles sold 2011-2021 with drivers
5.7. Forecast for electric aircraft for military, security and police use 2011-2021, including airships rounded
6.1. How to reduce the cost and increase the performance of lithium car traction batteries
6.2. Improvement in cost and performance of hybrid and pure electric vehicle traction battery packs 2009-2020
6.3. A comparison of potential electric traction motor technologies
6.4. Comparison of ac and dc electric motors for traction
6.5. Estimate of number of manufacturers of electric marine craft by category, % pure electric, number made, unit price ex factory and market value in 2011 and 2021
6.6. How to reduce the cost and increase the performance of lithium car traction batteries.
6.7. Improvement in cost and performance of hybrid and pure electric vehicle traction battery packs 2009-2020
FIGURES
1.1. Total market for electric military, security and police vehicles for land, water and air 2011-2021
1.2. Global sales of land based electric military vehicles in number thousands, ex factory unit price in thousands of dollars and total value in billions of dollars 2012-2022, rounded.
1.3. IDTechEx forecast for military, security and police marine electric vehicles 2011-2021, number K, unit value $K, market value $ billion rounded
1.4. Forecast for electric aircraft for military, security and police use 2011-2021, including airships rounded
1.5. Probable evolution of electric vehicle drive trains to 2021 and beyond. Fuel cells can be considered as an alternative form of range extender or a part of a pure electric vehicle.
2.1. Electric vehicle value chain
3.1. Balqon Mule M150
3.2. Columbia ParCar Mega pure electric light truck
3.3. Neigborhood Vehicles NEVs being purchased by the US Military
3.4. Polaris pure electric military ATV
3.5. T3 Motion pure electric vehicle
3.6. Roboterwerk robot electric surveillance vehicle
3.7. Military conversion of Polaris Industries ATV
3.8. Green Wheel jeep style vehicle
3.9. Robots for Mars
3.10. Mission scenario to aid technology development
3.11. Robot Work Crew
3.12. Robonaut 2
3.13. Robonauts cooperating
3.14. BAE Systems electric stealth vehicle
3.15. The General Dynamics Land Systems Shadow hybrid
3.16. Millenworks Light Utility Vehicle in hybrid form
3.17. The Future Tactical Truck System
3.18. FTTS on trial
3.19. Oshkosh truck
3.20. CERV
3.21. 100mpg Hummer hybrid
3.22. ST Kinetics Bronco
3.23. TARDEC APD
3.24. Police electric scooter by Oxygen exhibited late 2011.
3.25. T3 pure electric police vehicles giving better view and more stability than a motor bike.
3.26. GEM pure electric police car
3.27. Carbon Motors pure electric police patrol car
4.1. Planned Lockheed Martin vehicle mimicking a gannet
4.2. Hybrid tugboat
4.3. Engine room of the hybrid tugboat
4.4. Workmen weld on the bottom of a tug boat behind the Z-drive
4.5. Bratt electric tugboat
4.6. Hyper-Sub Submersible Powerboat
4.7. Wave and sun power recharging a glider AUV before it resumes its mission
4.8. Wave and sun powered sea glider
4.9. Autonomous wave glider
4.10. AUV from a.r.s Technologies
4.11. Indian AUV-150
4.12. The Ocean Explorer AUV
4.13. Ocean Voyager II AUV
4.14. URASHIMA
4.15. URASHIMA mission profile
4.16. Specification for JAMSTEC long range AUV
4.17. Kongsberg HUGIN swimmer AUV on Republic of Korea Navy ship
4.18. Hydroid Remus 6000 AUV
4.19. Royal New Zealand Navy assist the search for a sunken ferry in 2009 using Kongsberg AUVs
4.20. New long-range undersea robot goes the distance
4.21. Thomas Hoover and Brett Hobson work on the long-range AUV
4.22. The long-range AUV being towed out of the Moss Landing Harbor for a test run
4.23. Brett Hobson watches Tethys floating at the sea surface in Monterey Bay
4.24. A British Remote Controlled Mine Destruction Vehicle being lowered into the water
4.25. Gavia AUV schematic
4.26. Autosub6000
4.27. AquaJelly
4.28. AirJelly
4.29. Japanese robot jellyfish
4.30. Kitegen kite providing supplementary power to a ship
4.31. Global sales of electric marine craft in number thousands, ex factory unit price in thousands of dollars and total value in billions of dollars 2012-2022, rounded
4.32. Market value of electric marine craft by sector (US$ billion) in 2011
4.33. Market value of electric marine craft by sector (US$ billion) in 2021
4.34. Market value for electric marine craft 2011
4.35. Market value for electric marine craft 2021
5.1. Examples of SUAV rechargeable lithium batteries. Top: Flight Power "EVO 20″ Lithium Polymer battery. Bottom: Sion Power lithium sulfur
5.2. AeroVironment Raven
5.3. Raven enhancement
5.4. AeroVironment Aqua Puma UAV completes Royal Australian Navy Sea trials in 2007
5.5. SPI electrical SUAV
5.6. FlyingFish electrical UAV
5.7. Rotomotion VTOL electrical UAV incorporating video camera, telemetry, auto takeoff and landing
5.8. AeroVironment surveillance hummingbird
5.9. Electrical insect
5.10. Another form of electrical insect
5.11. COM-BAT
5.12. Robotic Bat
5.13. Lockheed Martin seed camera
5.14. Another form of Lockheed Martin mobile camera based on tree seeds.
5.15. AeroVironment Helios
5.16. Aurora Flight Sciences unmanned solar plane takes off in parts and self assembles
5.17. Aurora Flight Sciences solar plane zigzag assembly format to catch sun
5.18. Aurora Flight Sciences solar plane flattens for aerodynamic efficiency at night.
5.19. Northrop Grumman surveillance solar airship for the US DOD to be completed by the end of 2012.
5.20. Solar Impulse
5.21. Nosewheel with WheelTug
5.22. DLR fuel cell powered electric nosewheel for Airbus A320
5.23. Airbus A320
5.24. Forecast for electric aircraft for military, security and police use 2011-2021, including airships rounded
6.1. Bluefin pressure compensated battery packs for AUVs
6.2. Traction battery pack nominal energy storage vs battery pack voltage for mild hybrids in red, plug on hybrids in blue and pure electric cars in green
6.3. Volumetric vs gravimetric energy density of batteries used in vehicles
6.4. Modular Li-ion batteries for AUVs
6.5. Prototype gas turbine suitable as range extender
6.6. PEM fuel cell
6.7. Thruster for DeepFlight two person enclosed submarine
6.8. Evolution of affordable, mainstream hybrid marine and other vehicles
6.9. The Lohner-Porsche electric vehicle of 1898 showing its two in-wheel electric motors. Another version had four.
6.10. Mitsubishi in-wheel motor
6.11. Mine resistant ambush protected – All Terrain Vehicle MATV
6.12. MATV structure
6.13. EMRAX 222 Duplex Motor
6.14. Several drive systems in a swimmer AUV
6.15. Ford Siemens EV motor for central operation
6.16. Hybrid vehicle electric motor
6.17. UD Department of defense plan for smart skin monitoring condition of aircraft and aircrew in real time using wide area conformal sensors
6.18. The dream of smart skin for land, sea and air vehicles
6.19. Underwater docking station
6.20. AUV under ice docking and in-water battery recharging provide the highest technical risk
6.21. MBARI undersea deployment of AUV with underwater inductive charging
6.22. AUV inductive charging under water in test tank
6.23. Market value of electric marine craft (US$ billion) in 2021
6.24. Comparison of cells, modules and battery packs.
6.25. Possible evolution of affordable, mainstream electric cars showing the convergence of hybrid and a pure electric technologies.
6.26. Prototype gas turbine suitable as range extender
6.27. Traction battery pack nominal energy storage vs battery pack voltage for mild hybrids in red, plug on hybrids in blue and pure electric cars in green
6.28. Volumetric vs gravimetric energy density of batteries used in vehicles.
1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
1.1. Market forecasts 2011-2021
1.2. The whole picture
1.3. What is included and excluded
1.4. Main market drivers 2011-2021
1.5. Timelines 2011-2021
1.6. Key enabling technologies for military electric vehicles to 2021
1.6.1. Range extenders – custom ICE, mini turbine, fuel cell
1.6.2. Advanced lithium-ion batteries
1.6.3. Other advanced energy storage
1.6.4. Next generation electrical and electronic components
1.6.5. Printed electronics and electrics
1.6.6. Structural advances and smart skin
2. INTRODUCTION
2.1. Definitions and scope of this report
2.2. The EV value chain
2.3. Commonality – land, sea air EVs
2.4. Benefits for the military
2.5. 75% fuel reduction is targeted
2.6. Pure electric vehicles
2.7. Hybrid electric vehicles
3. LAND-BASED MILITARY VEHICLES
3.1. Pure electric military vehicles
3.1.1. Balqon Corporation USA
3.1.2. Columbia ParCar USA
3.1.3. General Motors USA
3.1.4. GEM USA
3.1.5. Polaris Industries USA
3.1.6. T3 Motion USA
3.1.7. ZAP USA, China
3.1.8. German Army and Germany
3.1.9. China
3.2. Electric robot vehicles Japan, USA
3.2.1. Spider-bot
3.2.2. Tetwalkers
3.2.3. Rescue and bomb disposal robots
3.2.4. Walking robot
3.2.5. Robotic primitives
3.2.6. EV insects
3.2.7. Robots on Mars
3.2.8. Robonauts in space
3.3. Hybrid military and allied vehicles
3.3.1. BAE Systems UK
3.3.2. General Dynamics Land Systems USA
3.3.3. General Motors USA
3.3.4. Millenworks USA
3.3.5. Navistar USA, Ricardo UK
3.3.6. Oshkosh Truck USA
3.3.7. Quantum Technologies USA
3.3.8. Razer Industries USA
3.3.9. ST Kinetics Singapore
3.3.10. TARDEC APD
3.3.11. UQM Technologies & Armor Holdings USA
3.3.12. The US Army Tank automotive and Armaments Command
3.3.13. US Army National Automotive Center, California Motors
3.4. Police & security EVs
3.5. Manufacturers of military, security, police land EVs
3.6. Market forecasts 2011-2021
4. MARINE MILITARY ELECTRIC VEHICLES
4.1. Benefits of marine electric vehicles
4.2. Pure electric marine vehicles
4.3. Hybrid marine vehicles
4.3.1. Hybrid Technologies USA
4.3.2. Lockheed Martin USA
4.3.3. Hybrid and pure electric tugboats Canada, USA
4.3.4. Marion HSPD: Fast surface boat as submarine
4.4. Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs)
4.5. Large AUVs
4.6. Small AUVs
4.7. Biomimetic AUVs
4.8. Swimmers vs gliders
4.9. Wave and sun powered sea gliders
4.9.1. Autonomous Undersea Systems Institute
4.9.2. Falmouth Scientific Inc USA
4.9.3. Kongsberg Norway
4.9.4. Liquid Robotics USA
4.9.5. University of Washington USA
4.10. Swimmers
4.10.1. a.r.s Technologies GmbH Germany
4.10.2. DRDO India
4.10.3. Florida Atlantic University USA
4.10.4. JAMSTEC Japan
4.10.5. Kongsberg including Hydroid Norway, USA
4.10.6. Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute USA
4.10.7. Ministry of Defence UK
4.10.8. Teledyne Gavia Iceland
4.10.9. UK Universities
4.10.10. Virginia Institute of Marine Science USA
4.11. Biomimetic unmanned underwater craft
4.11.1. Robot jellyfish USA
4.11.2. Robot jellyfish Germany
4.11.3. Jellyfish and fish Japan
4.12. Marine market segments and drivers
4.12.1. Total market
4.12.2. Underwater
4.12.3. On the water
4.12.4. Effect of land EV manufacturers entering marine
4.12.5. Market drivers
4.13. Manufacturers by country and product
4.14. Global marine EV forecasts 2011-2021
4.15. Military, security and police marine EV market 2011-2021
5. MILITARY ELECTRIC AIRCRAFT
5.1. Definition
5.2. Market drivers
5.3. Electric Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs)
5.3.1. Small electrical UAVs
5.3.2. UAV batteries
5.3.3. AeroVironment Raven family
5.3.4. SPI USA
5.3.5. University of Michigan Flying Fish USA
5.3.6. Rotomotion USA
5.4. Micro nano air vehicles
5.4.1. AeroVironment Mercury hummingbird USA
5.4.2. DARPA insects USA
5.4.3. University of Michigan robot bat USA
5.4.4. Vanderbilt University insect USA
5.4.5. Lockheed Martin seed cameras USA
5.5. Large electrical UAVs
5.5.1. AeroVironment Helios USA
5.5.2. Aurora Flight Sciences USA
5.5.3. Boeing USA, QinetiQ UK
5.5.4. South Korea Military
5.6. Airships
5.7. Manned electric aircraft
5.7.1. Solar Impulse
5.7.2. Electric nose wheel for taxiing large aircraft
5.8. Listing of electric aircraft manufacturers
5.9. Electric aircraft market size and trends
6. TECHNOLOGY
6.1.1. Traction batteries today
6.1.2. Trends in energy storage vs battery pack voltage
6.1.3. Move to high voltage
6.1.4. Many suppliers
6.1.5. Pouch problems?
6.1.6. The lure of lithium polymer versions of lithium-ion
6.1.7. Genuinely solid state traction batteries
6.1.8. New chemistries for lithium-ion batteries
6.1.9. Impediments
6.1.10. ABSL
6.1.11. SAFT
6.2. Range extenders
6.3. Fuel cells
6.4. Electric motors
6.5. Motor position
6.5.1. Powertrain trends
6.6. Born electric – In-Wheel Electric Motors
6.7. Born electric
6.8. New structural advances and smart skin
6.9. Charging infrastructure for marine EVs
6.9.1. General needs and solutions
6.10. Case study: Arctic under ice survey
6.11. MBARI research AUV deployment
6.12. Traction Batteries
APPENDIX 1: IDTECHEX PUBLICATIONS AND CONSULTANCY
TABLES
1.1. Total market for electric military, security and police vehicles for land, water and air 2011-2021
1.2. Three types of military, police and security electric vehicles by land, water and air
1.3. Main market drivers for the Military EV business 2011-2021
1.4. Global sales of land based electric military vehicles in number thousands, ex factory unit price in thousands of dollars and total value in billions of dollars 2012-2022, rounded.
1.5. IDTechEx forecast for military, security and police marine electric vehicles 2011-2021, number K, unit value $K, market value $ billion rounded
1.6. Numbers of electric aerial vehicles sold 2011-2021 with drivers
1.7. Forecast for electric aircraft for military, security and police use 2011-2021, including airships rounded
2.1. Some reasons why ICE vehicles are replaced with EVs in the military, police and security sectors.
3.1. 27 suppliers of military, security and police EVs for use on land
3.2. Global sales of electric military, security and police land vehicles in number thousands, ex factory unit price in thousands of dollars and total value in billions of dollars 2012 to 2022, rounded
3.3. Military electric vehicle sales by region 2005, 2010, 2015 and 2020 in percentage units
4.1. 85 examples of manufacturers of electric water craft, country and type
4.2. Leading manufacturers of remotely operated and autonomous underwater vehicles
4.3. Global sales of electric marine craft in number thousands, ex factory unit price in thousands of dollars and total value in billions of dollars 2012-2022, rounded
4.4. Estimate of number of manufacturers of electric marine craft by category, % pure electric, number made, unit price ex factory and market value in 2011 and 2021
4.5. Forecasts by year of ex factory market value of electric marine craft by six marine sectors 2011-2021. The sectors other than the military, security, police sector exclude these uses to avoid double counting
4.6. Marine vs all EVs by number thousands, $ unit price ex factory and $ billion total market value in 2011
4.7. IDTechEx forecast for military, security and police marine electric vehicles 2011-2021, number K, unit value $K, market value $ billion rounded
5.1. Data for RQ-11A version of AeroVironment Raven
5.2. 10 examples of manufacturers of electric aircraft by country and product
5.3. Probable timelines for electric aircraft, pure electric and hybrid combined, 2011-2021
5.4. Prices of pure electric manned, single person aircraft in thousands of dollars
5.5. Project costs of electric aircraft in millions of dollars
5.6. Numbers of electric aerial vehicles sold 2011-2021 with drivers
5.7. Forecast for electric aircraft for military, security and police use 2011-2021, including airships rounded
6.1. How to reduce the cost and increase the performance of lithium car traction batteries
6.2. Improvement in cost and performance of hybrid and pure electric vehicle traction battery packs 2009-2020
6.3. A comparison of potential electric traction motor technologies
6.4. Comparison of ac and dc electric motors for traction
6.5. Estimate of number of manufacturers of electric marine craft by category, % pure electric, number made, unit price ex factory and market value in 2011 and 2021
6.6. How to reduce the cost and increase the performance of lithium car traction batteries.
6.7. Improvement in cost and performance of hybrid and pure electric vehicle traction battery packs 2009-2020
FIGURES
1.1. Total market for electric military, security and police vehicles for land, water and air 2011-2021
1.2. Global sales of land based electric military vehicles in number thousands, ex factory unit price in thousands of dollars and total value in billions of dollars 2012-2022, rounded.
1.3. IDTechEx forecast for military, security and police marine electric vehicles 2011-2021, number K, unit value $K, market value $ billion rounded
1.4. Forecast for electric aircraft for military, security and police use 2011-2021, including airships rounded
1.5. Probable evolution of electric vehicle drive trains to 2021 and beyond. Fuel cells can be considered as an alternative form of range extender or a part of a pure electric vehicle.
2.1. Electric vehicle value chain
3.1. Balqon Mule M150
3.2. Columbia ParCar Mega pure electric light truck
3.3. Neigborhood Vehicles NEVs being purchased by the US Military
3.4. Polaris pure electric military ATV
3.5. T3 Motion pure electric vehicle
3.6. Roboterwerk robot electric surveillance vehicle
3.7. Military conversion of Polaris Industries ATV
3.8. Green Wheel jeep style vehicle
3.9. Robots for Mars
3.10. Mission scenario to aid technology development
3.11. Robot Work Crew
3.12. Robonaut 2
3.13. Robonauts cooperating
3.14. BAE Systems electric stealth vehicle
3.15. The General Dynamics Land Systems Shadow hybrid
3.16. Millenworks Light Utility Vehicle in hybrid form
3.17. The Future Tactical Truck System
3.18. FTTS on trial
3.19. Oshkosh truck
3.20. CERV
3.21. 100mpg Hummer hybrid
3.22. ST Kinetics Bronco
3.23. TARDEC APD
3.24. Police electric scooter by Oxygen exhibited late 2011.
3.25. T3 pure electric police vehicles giving better view and more stability than a motor bike.
3.26. GEM pure electric police car
3.27. Carbon Motors pure electric police patrol car
4.1. Planned Lockheed Martin vehicle mimicking a gannet
4.2. Hybrid tugboat
4.3. Engine room of the hybrid tugboat
4.4. Workmen weld on the bottom of a tug boat behind the Z-drive
4.5. Bratt electric tugboat
4.6. Hyper-Sub Submersible Powerboat
4.7. Wave and sun power recharging a glider AUV before it resumes its mission
4.8. Wave and sun powered sea glider
4.9. Autonomous wave glider
4.10. AUV from a.r.s Technologies
4.11. Indian AUV-150
4.12. The Ocean Explorer AUV
4.13. Ocean Voyager II AUV
4.14. URASHIMA
4.15. URASHIMA mission profile
4.16. Specification for JAMSTEC long range AUV
4.17. Kongsberg HUGIN swimmer AUV on Republic of Korea Navy ship
4.18. Hydroid Remus 6000 AUV
4.19. Royal New Zealand Navy assist the search for a sunken ferry in 2009 using Kongsberg AUVs
4.20. New long-range undersea robot goes the distance
4.21. Thomas Hoover and Brett Hobson work on the long-range AUV
4.22. The long-range AUV being towed out of the Moss Landing Harbor for a test run
4.23. Brett Hobson watches Tethys floating at the sea surface in Monterey Bay
4.24. A British Remote Controlled Mine Destruction Vehicle being lowered into the water
4.25. Gavia AUV schematic
4.26. Autosub6000
4.27. AquaJelly
4.28. AirJelly
4.29. Japanese robot jellyfish
4.30. Kitegen kite providing supplementary power to a ship
4.31. Global sales of electric marine craft in number thousands, ex factory unit price in thousands of dollars and total value in billions of dollars 2012-2022, rounded
4.32. Market value of electric marine craft by sector (US$ billion) in 2011
4.33. Market value of electric marine craft by sector (US$ billion) in 2021
4.34. Market value for electric marine craft 2011
4.35. Market value for electric marine craft 2021
5.1. Examples of SUAV rechargeable lithium batteries. Top: Flight Power "EVO 20″ Lithium Polymer battery. Bottom: Sion Power lithium sulfur
5.2. AeroVironment Raven
5.3. Raven enhancement
5.4. AeroVironment Aqua Puma UAV completes Royal Australian Navy Sea trials in 2007
5.5. SPI electrical SUAV
5.6. FlyingFish electrical UAV
5.7. Rotomotion VTOL electrical UAV incorporating video camera, telemetry, auto takeoff and landing
5.8. AeroVironment surveillance hummingbird
5.9. Electrical insect
5.10. Another form of electrical insect
5.11. COM-BAT
5.12. Robotic Bat
5.13. Lockheed Martin seed camera
5.14. Another form of Lockheed Martin mobile camera based on tree seeds.
5.15. AeroVironment Helios
5.16. Aurora Flight Sciences unmanned solar plane takes off in parts and self assembles
5.17. Aurora Flight Sciences solar plane zigzag assembly format to catch sun
5.18. Aurora Flight Sciences solar plane flattens for aerodynamic efficiency at night.
5.19. Northrop Grumman surveillance solar airship for the US DOD to be completed by the end of 2012.
5.20. Solar Impulse
5.21. Nosewheel with WheelTug
5.22. DLR fuel cell powered electric nosewheel for Airbus A320
5.23. Airbus A320
5.24. Forecast for electric aircraft for military, security and police use 2011-2021, including airships rounded
6.1. Bluefin pressure compensated battery packs for AUVs
6.2. Traction battery pack nominal energy storage vs battery pack voltage for mild hybrids in red, plug on hybrids in blue and pure electric cars in green
6.3. Volumetric vs gravimetric energy density of batteries used in vehicles
6.4. Modular Li-ion batteries for AUVs
6.5. Prototype gas turbine suitable as range extender
6.6. PEM fuel cell
6.7. Thruster for DeepFlight two person enclosed submarine
6.8. Evolution of affordable, mainstream hybrid marine and other vehicles
6.9. The Lohner-Porsche electric vehicle of 1898 showing its two in-wheel electric motors. Another version had four.
6.10. Mitsubishi in-wheel motor
6.11. Mine resistant ambush protected – All Terrain Vehicle MATV
6.12. MATV structure
6.13. EMRAX 222 Duplex Motor
6.14. Several drive systems in a swimmer AUV
6.15. Ford Siemens EV motor for central operation
6.16. Hybrid vehicle electric motor
6.17. UD Department of defense plan for smart skin monitoring condition of aircraft and aircrew in real time using wide area conformal sensors
6.18. The dream of smart skin for land, sea and air vehicles
6.19. Underwater docking station
6.20. AUV under ice docking and in-water battery recharging provide the highest technical risk
6.21. MBARI undersea deployment of AUV with underwater inductive charging
6.22. AUV inductive charging under water in test tank
6.23. Market value of electric marine craft (US$ billion) in 2021
6.24. Comparison of cells, modules and battery packs.
6.25. Possible evolution of affordable, mainstream electric cars showing the convergence of hybrid and a pure electric technologies.
6.26. Prototype gas turbine suitable as range extender
6.27. Traction battery pack nominal energy storage vs battery pack voltage for mild hybrids in red, plug on hybrids in blue and pure electric cars in green
6.28. Volumetric vs gravimetric energy density of batteries used in vehicles.
